Mohamedarif Mohamed Suleman (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) is a digital marketing specialist and an Educator-cum-Trainer. He has involved himself in community organisations and matters from a young age, and through his writings, continues to speak of social and cultural reform to this day. He is also the founding moderator of this forum.
Pessimism, a worldview marked by a negative outlook on life and a tendency to expect the worst, has increasingly been linked to the growing number of mental health and social behaviour issues. This article explores how pessimism contributes to these problems through various lenses, including the philosophies of Arthur Schopenhauer, broader philosophical teachings, Islamic teachings, and the factors that exacerbate pessimism, as well as potential alternatives.
Arthur Schopenhauer, known as the great pessimist, argued that life is fundamentally filled with suffering and dissatisfaction. Schopenhauer’s belief in the inherent suffering of existence has influenced many to adopt a pessimistic outlook, which can contribute to mental health issues such as depression and anxiety. His philosophy suggests that since life is filled with inevitable suffering, expecting positive outcomes is futile. This constant anticipation of negative events can lead to chronic stress and a pervasive sense of hopelessness, which are detrimental to mental health.
Philosophy teachings further support the connection between pessimism and mental health problems. Various philosophical traditions, particularly existentialism, highlight the struggles of finding meaning in a seemingly indifferent universe. Existentialist thinkers like Jean-Paul Sartre and Friedrich Nietzsche have explored the despair that can arise from this search for meaning. When individuals internalise these teachings, they may become more prone to feelings of alienation and despair, contributing to social behaviour issues such as withdrawal and anti-social tendencies.
Islamic teachings offer a contrasting perspective on pessimism. Islam encourages a balanced approach to life, advocating for patience (sabr) and trust in God’s plan (tawakkul). Pessimism is discouraged, as it reflects a lack of faith in divine wisdom and mercy. Instead, believers are urged to maintain hope and a positive outlook, even in adversity. This approach can act as a buffer against mental health issues, promoting resilience and social cohesion.
Hopelessness in Allah (SWT) is viewed very negatively in Islam, and it’s considered a serious spiritual and moral shortcoming. The Holy Qur’an emphasises the importance of maintaining hope and trust in Allah’s mercy and wisdom, even in difficult times.
Disbelief and Sin: Hopelessness in Allah is often associated with disbelief (kufr) and is considered a major sin.
“Do not despair of Allah’s mercy. Surely none despairs of Allah’s mercy except the unbelieving people.” (Surah Yusuf, 12:87)
Patience and Perseverance: The Quran encourages believers to be patient (sabr) and to persevere through hardships with trust in Allah’s plan. Believers are reminded that trials are a part of life and a means to strengthen their faith.
“And seek help through patience and prayer, and indeed, it is difficult except for the humbly submissive [to Allah].” (Surah Al-Baqarah, 2:45)
Mercy and Forgiveness: Islam teaches that Allah’s mercy is vast and encompasses all things. Believers are encouraged to seek forgiveness and never lose hope in Allah’s compassion.
“Say, ‘O My servants who have transgressed against themselves [by sinning], do not despair of the mercy of Allah. Indeed, Allah forgives all sins. Indeed, it is He who is the Forgiving, the Merciful.'” (Surah Az-Zumar, 39:53)
Trust in Allah: Trusting in Allah (tawakkul) is a fundamental aspect of faith. Believers are urged to rely on Allah in all matters and believe that He knows what is best for them.
“And whoever fears Allah – He will make for him a way out. And will provide for him from where he does not expect. And whoever relies upon Allah – then He is sufficient for him. Indeed, Allah will accomplish His purpose.” (Surah At-Talaq, 65:2-3)
Several factors contribute to the rise of pessimism, including economic instability, social media, and global crises. Economic hardships can erode individuals’ sense of security and control, fostering pessimistic attitudes. Social media often amplifies negative news and unrealistic comparisons, leading to feelings of inadequacy and despair. Global crises, such as climate change and pandemics, create a sense of uncertainty and fear, further fueling pessimism.
The alternative to pessimism lies in cultivating optimism and resilience. Positive psychology emphasizes the importance of fostering a growth mindset, practising gratitude, and building strong social connections. Optimism can enhance mental well-being by promoting a sense of purpose and hope. Resilience training can help individuals better cope with adversity, reducing the likelihood of developing mental health and social behaviour issues.
Mohamedarif Mohamed Suleman (Dar es Salaam, Tanzania) is a digital marketing specialist and an Educator-cum-Trainer. He has involved himself in community organisations and matters from a young age, and through his writings, continues to speak of social and cultural reform to this day. He is also the founding moderator of this forum.
